Journal of Society in Kashmir

Sociology

University of Kashmir

ISSN: 2249-667X

This paper describes the present state of coronavirus spread in India, as well as the impact of various interventions. This study presents a variety of trends and patterns based on data from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and other Indian state entities. With the outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic, most individuals became subject to both economic and emotional challenges like as job loss, bad treatment at work place, increased excessive workload, and so on, which were exacerbated by family obligations. Anxiety, sadness, drug abuse, and violent behaviour have all been linked to severe risk factors for unemployment. In fact, several studies reveal that people who lose their employment are twice as likely to report experiencing despair and anxiety as those who continue to work continuously. The present study intends to elicit the education, economic, health, migration and physical troubles faced by the people during the Covid lockdown.

The Indian economy is an agricultural economy because more than half of India’s population is engaged in agriculture in many ways. Some people are owners of land while some are reliant on labour work to fulfill consumption needs. The government of India has taken many steps to improve the economic conditions of landless labourers. Poor economic conditions of people reflect in their standard of living and are also associated with many problems. Nowadays, many changes have taken place in Indian agriculture. In this situation, only large peasants are able to cope with the challenges. On the other hand, marginal peasants and landless labourers, who do not have sufficientland to cultivate and are partially reliant on labour work to meet consumption needs, face many problems. This paper explores all the changes that have taken place in agriculture and the responsible reasons behind them. This paper is based on existing literature related to agrarian relations and some observations from rural areas.

Menstruation is a natural reproductive process. In our society, menstruation is considered as something that is unclean, shameful, and impure. The conversation regarding menstruation among women and adolescent girls from an initial age is observed as taboo. If menstruating women and adolescent girls cannot access safe and private places for managing menstrual hygiene, it is against their dignity. There is a need for a holistic approach that addresses menstrual health and hygiene issues within the context of human rights. When women and girls cannot manage their bleeding cycle hygienically, it can negatively impact their rights. With this background, the main objective of this paper is to examine basic rights in the context of menstrual health and hygiene. The present paper will be descriptive and secondary sources of data will be used. This study is significant because it helps to understand the existing human rights in the context of menstrual health and hygiene.

The notions of diversity and pluralism have always been challenging for scholars across disciplines both conceptually as well as methodologically. While conventionally, diversity implies ‘existence of many’ however this understanding of the term is superseded due to the scholars’ disagreement over such connotations. Part of the reason for such disagreement is that diversity is most often used synonymously with pluralism. This paper addresses the issues in the usages of the terms diversity and pluralism and argues that diversity is a precondition for pluralism. It provides a model for approaching pluralism within media and communication studies through examining its usages across disciplines. This paper also offers the ways of mapping diversity within news media through the analytical inputs about how various scholars have approached this phenomenon. It simultaneously tries to explore the inter-linkages between diversity, news framing and how it contributes to quality journalism. This paper is believed to steer the researchers into empirically exploring diversity and pluralism in news media.

The present research paper on Spatiotemporal variation in infant mortality rate – a comparative analysis of central Asian and South Asian regions, reveals a significant variation in infant mortality rate because of various socio-economic and political reasons. Five countries of central Asia Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan were selected; similarly six countries of South Asia i.e. India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka were selected. The paper is based on a secondary source of data. Time series analysis of the last six decades (1950-2010) was used to analyze the trend of IMR. Data for the last three years i.e., 2016, 2017, and 2018 was used to analyze the annual pattern of IMR pattern. The analysis shows that Central Asian countries have a low IMR rate (25/1000) in comparison to south Asian countries (30.6). Among The south Asian Countries, Pakistan has highest IMR rate (50 /1000 in 2018) followed by India (38/1000) Bangladesh( 31/1000), Bhutan (30/1000), Nepal(27/1000) and Srilanka (8/1000) While as Turkmenistan from central Asia has highest IMR rate (33/1000 in 2018) followed by Tajikistan(31/1000), Kyrgyzstan (25/1000), Kazakhstan ( 19/1000) and Uzbekistan ( 17/1000). So there is a wide range of IMR within the countries as well as between these two regions. An attempt has been made to suggest a planning strategy for decreasing IMR in both the regions.

Marriage is the deepest and most complex human relations because it is very difficult task for men and women to live a life together when their mindset and culture is different that is why the study is carried out to know why marriage is most important for men and women and their family. The main objective of this research article is to study the importance of marriage among Muslims in Srinagar City. The study was exploratory in nature and random sampling method was used for analyzing the data. For collecting the data a framed schedule was prepared and 50 respondents were interviewed for the purpose of collection of data. The study found that 92 percent are in favor that marriage is most significant not only for the husband and wife and their family but also equally important for whole society.

Juvenile delinquency is one of the most serious problems in present times in Kashmir. There is evidence of a universal increase in juvenile crime taking place especially in the conflict-ridden states and Kashmir is no exception. A study of juvenile delinquency is very vast and to study its various aspects is also very comprehensive and can be studied from various angles. The intensity and severity of juvenile offences are generally determined by the social, economic and cultural conditions prevailing in a society. The present study focuses on stone-pelting in Kashmir in which hundreds of juveniles are involved. The data obtained from Lone Observation Home in Kashmir establishes that a large number of stone pelters in Kashmir were juveniles mainly till 2019. A major chunk of juveniles in conflict with law, who have been apprehended in recent years by the police and who were brought before Juvenile Justice Boards (JJBs) in Kashmir were stone pelters. In the present study, 200 juveniles were selected who were involved in stone-pelting whose cases are registered in JJBs of different districts of Kashmir division.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the life-style of almost every human settlement of the world in one way or the other. The research traces the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the educational and familial aspects of the lives of university students of Kashmir and finally on their psychological and mental well-being. The dissertation starts with the introduction which gets the reader to the problem addressed by the study. It is followed by the literature review and methodology. The results and discussion section discusses the findings of the study and the final outcomes. The conclusion sums up the findings and the results of the research.

Using a qualitative approach, the research aims to gain a deeper understanding of how the pandemic has affected traditional marriage practices and how people have navigated these changes in the Kashmir region. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with individuals involved in marriage ceremonies and rituals to understand the changes and adaptations made by communities in response to the restrictions and challenges brought about by the pandemic. The study finds that the pandemic has caused significant changes to traditional marriage practices, rituals and ceremonies - dampened marriage practices, reduced celebrations and alterations to traditions and rituals. The study also found that the pandemic has had an impact on gift-giving practices and led to the emergence of novel adaptations in weddings. This research provides insights into how these changes have significant cultural and social implications and have reshaped the way marriage ceremonies are performed in the region.

The Coronavirus pandemic thumped the world intensely and brought most of the world’s institutions to a halt. One such social institution is the religious establishment. This article investigates the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on religious practices, rituals and faith. Religious institutions, because of the pandemic had cancelled worship services and pilgrimages. Religious festivals and religious ceremonies were affected by the pandemic in diverse forms. This study traces the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on religion in the society of Kashmir. The study was conducted in Srinagar city and includes pluralistic religious groups and attempts to examine the overall impact of COVID-19 on religion in Srinagar. This study is in line to examine social phenomena i.e., religion, with a qualitative understanding. Thus, a qualitative inquiry was conducted in order to get in-depth information regarding experiences of general public about the impact of COVID-19 on their lives with respect to religion.

Covid-19 has affected every aspect of people’s daily lives and religion being part of daily life has not remained immune to the impact of Covid-19. With excessive social distancing norms, Covid-19 has restricted the functioning of religious life as well. It has reshaped and restructured the routine religious practices which have affected the emotional and psychological well-being of people, who feel disconnected spiritually due to these changes. This study has tried to explore the impact of Covid-19 on the attendance of devotees at religious places in the district of Srinagar of Kashmir valley. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth case studies have been carried out at religious places of district Srinagar, representative of all major religious faiths present in Srinagar district. The study has tried to gain insight into the impact Covid-19 is having on the religious lives of people and the coping strategies people of different religions are following to overcome this impact. The study found that Covid-19 has drastically impacted the regular attendance of devotees at all religious places of Srinagar and it has impacted people emotionally and psychologically, but people are also making certain coping strategies like increasing charity, praying at homes, online prayer meetings, etc. to overcome and minimize the impact of Covid-19 on their religious life.

Innovation is an important aspect of democracy. The most important part in any democratic set up is that how the basic issues of the people are accessed, assessed and addressed. Jammu and Kashmir has faced this problem the most as there exists a big gap between the governance and the government. Undoubtedly, the elected representatives have a clear responsibility to do the things that their constituents want, but over the decades it has been observed that the successive governments have ignored this vital concept of connect with the masses. Good governance demands respect for human rights, rule of law, strengthening of democracy, promoting transparency and accountability among others in the government. Democracy depends on the equality of all human beings, their right to participate in the social and political transformation, and the right to development. The true spirit of democracy lies in the active involvement of people in the decision-making processes to fulfill their area specific needs and with this in mind the Government of Jammu and Kashmir started the Back to Village-a community mobilization programme in June 2019 which has seen three phases till date. The absence of non-democratic government has also led to the invention of this innovative practice of mass people contact programme. The ‘Back to Village’ programme aims to involve the people and government officials in a joint effort to deliver the mission of equitable development. The programme is aimed at energizing Panchayats and directing development efforts in rural areas through community participation. As part of this programme, officers of the J&K administration had to reach out to each Panchayat of the Union Territory, where they will interact with the people and obtain feedback from them so as to tailor government efforts in improving the delivery of village-specific services. The ‘Back to Village’ programme has been conceived with the objective of ensuring that developmental initiatives are built on the feedback and cooperation of the people, thus being more result-oriented with a greater probability of success.

In Jammu and Kashmir Gujjars are mostly dependent on rearing of sheep and goat. Gujjars are the third largest ethnic group of the state. The culture of the community varies from other communities of the state. People belonged to Gujjar community are untouched with the pleasure of outside world. The political socialization of Gujjar in the state is not good as compared to other communities. Government has launched various schemes for the development of rural areas & upliftment of various deprived groups like MGNERGA Scheme is one of the important schemes which is beneficial for unskilled labourers. But most of the Gujjars are not so much aware about govt. scheme due to lack of awareness. This study has been carried out in Kashmir context based on a sample of 100 respondents and using an intensive approach through interview schedule and participant observation, the study has been carried out in the rural areas of Kupwara & Kulgam district of Kashmir.In this context, the present study has been prepared in order to know the impact of MGNERGA Scheme on tribal community of Kashmir i.e. Gujjars. Based on primary &secondary sources of data and other relevant sources wherever necessary the paper attempts to know the socio-economic conditions of Gujjars in Kashmir, it also intends to examine the impact of MGNERGA Scheme on their livelihood. This study is based on primary and secondary sources of data and other relevant literature wherever necessary and not any other test has been utilized to carry out the research.

This study aims at exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the educational process in government primary schools of Shopian district. Face to face interviews were conducted with teachers of 17 schools spread across 14 villages. The findings of the study revealed that online classes were unsuccessful in government schools due to lack of electronic devices, weak network coverage. Loss of learning among the students due to the closure of schools was found to be the major impact of COVID-19 lockdown. The performance of students in examinations was greatly reduced.

This paper presents the impact of covid pandemic on mental health of adolescents. In this paper the researcher had tried to provide sociological vent to this study. Since covid 19 had a direct bearing on the mental health of adolescents, mental health of adolescents got impacted in several ways. During this pandemic stress, anxiety was common among adolescents. This pandemic has led to short term as well as long term psychosocial and mental health implications for adolescents. This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental health aspects of adolescents impacted by covid19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. This study will focus on overcoming the stress among adolescents during the pandemic.

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